Arctic Sea Ice and Climatology » Arctic Climatology and Climate Change Theme Editor: Dr. Robert W. Corell Principal Global Environment and Technology Foundation (GETF) and its Center for Energy and Climate Solutions (C2ES) www.getf.org; www.c2es.org Arlington, VA, United States 1 Climatology of Arctic 2 Natural Conditions of the Arctic Significant for Shipping 3 Air Temperature on the NSR 4 Sea Currents along the NSR 5 Tides on the NSR 6 Сlimatic Zones of the NSR 7 Fog Characteristics on the NSR 8 Wave Characteristics of the NSR 9 Wind Characteristics on the NSR 10 Risks to the Arctic Environment 11 Arctic Climate Change: Global Early-Warning 12 Ecosystems on the Edge 13 Global Consequences of Arctic Environmental Change 14 New Access and New Vulnerabilities